Contents
Number 1 2005
T.-R. V., Paul Ariste 100
Tiit-Rein Viitso, Some Comments about Paul Ariste's Doctoral
Dissertation on Phonetics of Hiiumaa Estonian Dialects
Abstract. The doctoral dissertation by Paul Ariste, defended in 1939, is
almost forgotten outside Estonia and even not listed in "Bibligraphia Studiorum
Uralicorum 1917—1987". Still it contains extremely valuable data and discussion
about the sound system of the now almost leveled old dialects of the Estonian
island Hiiumaa. In several points the data and Ariste's observations have
changed and still can change older views on the historical phonetics/phonology
of Finnic dialects. The article focuses on (1) developments and lack of õ
[e̮], (2) ü in words with the original back vocalism, (3) breaking
of mid vowels, (4) reduction and centralization, (5) the rise of Estonian
distinctive quantities, (6) the so-called ternary oppositions.
Mati Erelt, Source-Marking Resultatives in Estonian
Abstract. Estonian has two types of resultative clauses — goal-marking (GM)
and source-marking (SM) resultative clauses. Both can be either intransitive or
transitive. A GM-clause reveals the presence of the referent of the subject or
the object before the beginning of the change, which is not the case for an
SM-clause. The same verbs are used in both constructions, which allows treating
the opposition in these constructions as a diathetic one.
Silvi Vare, Zur deverbalen substantivischen Konversion im Estnischen
Abstract. In Estonian, conversion as a change in word class without
introducing a derivational suffix applies, first and foremost, to mutual
convertibility of verbs and nouns, e.g. rohi 'grass' >
rohi/ma 'to weed' (-ma is an infinitive marker) or
ravi/ma 'to cure' > ravi 'treatment'. The article
provides a brief survey of verb-to-noun conversion, done mainly on the basis of
formal characteristics. The focus lies on the propensity for conversion as
manifested in verbs with different structures (simple bases, derivatives,
compounds), thus specifying the principal phonological and morphological
prerequisites that determine the possibility and productivity of verb-to-noun
conversion. It appears that in a general case the base of conversion is a simple
base, while a derivative can be converted only on certain specific conditions.
At that, the grammatical peculiarities of Estonian as a Finno-Ugric language
engender some interpretational issues, while the synchronic vs. diachronic
aspects should also be taken into account. As morphonological alternation of
word stems has a vital role in both inflection and derivation it can certainly
not be overlooked in conversion. Thus Estonian conversion does not only involve
fully identical stems, but also phonetic variance of a definite kind. The study
is synchronic, based on the latest edition of the Estonian orthological
dictionary (ÕS 1999).
V. S. Čurakov, Proishoždenie nazvanij udmurtskich rodov
V. S. Č u r a k o v, The Origin of the Names of the Udmurt Clans
Abstract. A hypothesis according to which the names of the Udmurt
"matriarchal" (sic!) clans (voršud) go back to the names of their totems
is based on incorrect interpretation of the ethnographic sources. One of the
main mistakes of so-called voršud theory is the replacement the term
vyžy 'clan' by the term voršud. Actually the voršud or
šudvord's' is a sacred patron of the patrilineal clan vyžy.
Consequently, the term voršud name can not be used in meaning 'clan
name'. The members of the vyžy thought themselves as descended from a
common male ancestor whose name was used by them as a clan nickname. In other
words, the author of present article regards that the names of the old Udmurt
clans were formed in accordance with the following anthroponimic model: the name
of male ancestor + the old Permic suffix of collective plural -a , which
had the same function as, for example, the German -ing/-ung (like
in Karoling) or the Slav -itši/-ovitši (like in
Rjurikovitši). Instances: Bija < Bij 'Prince' +
-a, Durga < Dureg 'Smith' + -a, Jubera
< Juber 'Starling' + -a, Šudja < Šudej 'Happy'
+ -a, etc.
REVIEWS
Georgij Kert, Slovo ob utšitele
M. V. Mosin, D. V. Cygankin, Paul Ariste. Pamjati utšitelja
Jevgenij Cypanov, Rol' Paulja Ariste v razvitii komi jazykoznanija
M. G. Atamanov, Akademik Paul Ariste i udmurtskoe jazykoznanie
P. N. Lizanec, Paul Ariste i razvitie finno-ugorskogo i vengerskogo
jazykoznanija v Užgorodskom natsional'nom universitete
V. K. K e l' m a k o v, Dialektnaja i istoritšeskaja fonetika udmurtskogo
jazyka 1, Iževsk, Izdatel'skij dom "Udmurtskij universitet", 2003. Rets.
G. A. Nekrasova
Paul Alvre, In memoriam Alo Raun
Publications received
Auf der Titelseite: Prof. Paul Ariste mit seinen Aspiranten (1952)